Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a spectrum of conditions caused by infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Following initial infection, a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza like illness. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms. As the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of common infections like tuberculosis,as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that rarely affect people who have working immune systems. These late symptoms of infection are referred to as AIDS. This stage is often also associated with weight loss. HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex, contaminated blood transfusions,hypodermic needles, and form mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.some bodily fluids ,such as saliva and tears do not trasmit HIV . Methods of prevention include safe sex, needle exchange programs, treating those who are infected, and male circumcision. Diseases in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication. There is no cure or vaccine however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life exceptancy.Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. Without treatment, the average survival time after infection is 11 years. In 2015 about 37.3 million people were living with HIV and it resulted in 1.2 million deaths. Most of those infected live in sub-Saharan Africa. Between its discovery and 2014 AIDS has caused an estimated 39 million deaths worldwide. HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading. HIV is believed to have originated in west central Africa during the late 19th or early 20th centuary. AIDS was identified in the early part of the decade. HIV/AIDS has great impact on society, both as an illness and as a source of discrimination.The disease also has large economic impacts, There are many disease also has large economic impacts. There are many misconcepts about HIV/AIDS such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact. The dieseases has become subject to many controversis involving religion including the Catholic church's decision not to support condom use as prevention.It has attracted internationally medical and political attention as well as large-scale funding since it was identified in the 1980s. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Acute infection: The initial period following the contraction of HIV, primary HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. Many individuals develop an influenza like illness or mononucleosis- like illness 2-4 weeks post exposure while others hav no significant symptoms. Symptoms occur in 40-90% of cases and most commonly include fever, large tender lymph nodes, throat inflammation, a rash, head ache, and/ or sores of the mouth and genitals. The rash which occurs in 20-50% of cases, presents itself on the trunk and is maculopapular, classically.Some people also develop opportunistic infections at this stage. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea may occur, as may neurological symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or Gullian-Barre syndrome. The duration of the symptoms waries, but is usually one or two weeks. Due to their non specific character, these symptoms are not often recognised as signs of HIV infection. Even cases that do get seen by a family doctor or a hospital are often misdiagnosed as one of the many common infections diseases with overlapping symptoms. Thus, it is recommended that HIV be considered in people presenting an unexpected fever who may have risk factors for the infection.